Forging machine



June 29, 1954 F, Mense-mamen' 2,682,486

FORGING MACHINE Filed April 29, 1950 2 sheets-smeer 1 INVENTOR.- FRWZ R\EMENSCHNE\DEI?.,

A T rom/EY June 29, 1954 F. RIEMIENSC'HNEIDER FORQING MACHINE 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 Filed April 29, 1950 INVENTOR: FlznTz 1mi-:MEN scHNEmEE,

ATTORNEY Patented June 29, 1954 FORGING MACHINE Fritz Riemenschneider, Leverkusen-Schlebusch,

Germany,v assignor to Eumuco AktiengesellschaftV fr Maschinenbau, Leverkusen-Schlebusch, Germany Application April 29, 1950, Serial No. 158,952

(Cl. '7S- 23) 6 Claims. 1

This invention relates to a forging machine. The hitherto customary forging machines are generally provided with vertically divided dies or dies which have a vertical separating plane and with correspondingly located swaging headers. These machines have anopen frameV and reinforcing irons are provided at the open sides thereof to counteract, as much as this is possible,

variations of the frame structure caused by temperature differences. Moreover, these variations cannot be prevented entirely and they greatly impair the shape-accuracy of the nished forgmgs.

The disadvantages of this frame construction, which cannot be accurately calculated to meet the high working stresses, mainly result from the location of the dies in a slidewhich is movably disposed in a straight guide member the latter being supported by one or two jointed levers which at the same time actuate the guide member. rihese jointed levers are in a complicated manner operated fromfa crank shaft by the cooperation of several guide levers.

During the swaging step strong forces are produced which tend to open the dies. A support of the dies on their entire length is impossible for obvious constructional reasons; therefore, these great forces must be taken up by the slide which carries the dies and its straight guide member respectively. Since these guide members, on account of the heat distortion of the slide during the operation of the machine, cannot be made to lit the slide tightly a proper closure of the dies is not obtained and faulty forgings result, Further diniculties arise from the insufficient accessibility of the vertically divided dies and the lower swaging header.

The accessibility of the dies has been improved by dividing the dies through a horizontal plane; however, the disadvantages resulting from the complicated frame structure and the straight coniiguration `of the guide member for the slide which carries the dies still remain. Furthermore, the lower die is for construetional reasonslocated in the slide; its guide means are situated in the lower part. of the machine frame and therefore greatly exposed to wear and contamination by dropping-down ircn oxide andrust particles.

These disadvantages are eliminated by this in` vention.

In conformity therewith'the forging machine is provided with two superposed frame portions and-the dies are supported' by the same in such a manner that theyare. accessible from Athe front and from the sides; the lower frame portion is stationary; it accommodates the carrier-slide for the forging tool or header. The upper frame portion oscillates about a joint located at the one end of the frame, theV dies being located at the opposite or front end.A The upper die is consequently lifted in a circular instead of a straight path; however, this is immaterial because the recesses or cavitiesv in the dies which accommodate the forgings are slightly inclined at their contacting edges or faces and the mutual deviation of these contacting faces during the lifting of the upper die is, at the most, l to 2 degrees from a vertical plane.

If, in conformity with the invention, the pivotal point of the two frame portions is located slightly above the horizontal plane of division of the dies this deviation may be reduced to less than 1 degree; this small deviation from a verti.

cal plane may be easily counteracted by the conical shape of the contacting edges of the die recesses.

A frame-shaped and a second guide member are provided to open and to close the frame portions; the frame-shaped guide member or yoke embraces the upper frame portion; it is directly in the rear of the dies fastened to the lower frame portion; the second shorter guide member is located on top and pivotally connected with the upper frame portion; a hydraulically or mechanically actuated rod is attached to the free ends of the pivotally connected guide members.

The above-described location of the frameshaped yoke member secures free accessibility to the dies without interference with a proper transmission of the operating forces which interference might result from the shifting of the closure pressure above the center plane of the dies.

This closure pressure is taken up by two identical pull members. Due to the uniform Vdistribution of the die closing pressurev and the pressure exerted by the forging tool or header in a closed system the shape accuraciesof the forgings arer minimal and they can be easily precalculated.

Injuries Yto the guiding devices are eliminated The lateral accessibility of the dies and of the stamp carrier permits lateral removal of the tools, for instance, onto a side table and their easy exchange and replacement.

Separate driving means are preferably provided for the closure of the dies and the displacement of the header, which enables their individual actuation. The dies are stationary during the actuation of the header and their driving means are therefore not exposed to wear in spite of high pressure application.

If a hydraulic drive is used the installation of separate driving means offers no difficulty; in this case, one hydraulic cylinder and piston are used for the actuation of the dies and one for the actuation of the header. Whereas, the die actuating piston directly acts upon the closure means several angular levers are placed between the header carrying slide and its piston; a link connects the levers; it is centrally located between the levers and movable towards both sides; therefore, only one piston stroke is required to effect the work stroke and the return stroke of the header carrier.

Several modifications of the forging machine forming the subject matter of this invention are illustrated in the attached drawings. In the drawings Fig. l shows a side view of the hydraulically operated machine in the closed state of the dies,

Fig. 2 is a front view of the machine,

Fig. 3 is a top view thereof, the upper frame portion being omitted and Fig. 4 is a side view of the machine provided with separate driving means, the dies being shown in the open state.

rThe forging machine illustrated in Figs. 1-3 comprises a lower stationary frame portion I and an upper movable frame portion 4. The lower die 2 including its seat 3 is located at the one end of the lower frame portion I, which is the left end in Figure 1.

The upper frame portion 4 carries the upper die 5 and its seat formed by plate 6; this upper frame portion is, similarly to a tongue, pivotally or rotatably located about pivot 'I. The axis of pivot 'I and of the frame portions is located at such a distance above the horizontal plane of division of the dies that during the upward movement of the upper die a mutual deviation results of the contacting faces of the die recesses from a vertical plane of less than l degree.

A frame-shaped member or yoke consisting of the lateral members S is located directly behind the dies 2, 5. These frame members 8 embrace the upper frame portion 4 and guide it by means of glide faces 3 provided on the outer sides of said portion 4 and engaged by the inner surfaces of these members 8. The yoke straddling the upper frame portion is pivotally connected with the lower frame portion I and turns about bolt il). The lower ends of the members 8 are connected by a tube II. A short force-transmitting lever I2 is pivotable about bolt I3; it is at its upper end through pivot I4 rotatably connected with the upper free ends of the frame members 8. Rod I5, which serves to close or to open the dies, is connected with pivot I4; rod I5 is pivotally connected with the piston rod I6 of the hydraulic cylinder I'I, Fig. 1.

The operation of frame members 8 and lever I2 is apparent from the drawing.

These members are so arranged that they extend through a vertical plane in the closed position of the dies; they take up the entire closure pressure of the dies and the rod I5 is accordingly relieved of this pressure. The dies 2, 5 are accessible from the front and the sides; the two dies may be laterally withdrawn onto a side table i8.

The carrier I9 for the headers 20 is located in a slide 2I which is movable to and fro in the lower frame portion I; wedges 22 are provided to X the slide in its operational positions; each header 20 may be made individually displaceable and adjustable; a side table may be provided for the header carrier I9 similar to side table I8.

For the actuation of the stamp carrier I9 toggle levers 23, 24 are provided, which are connected in such a manner that their center joint 25 may be laterally shifted toward both sides from a vertical center plane.

The rear lever 24 may be formed as a two arm lever; its one arm coacts through a link 26 with the piston rod 21 of an hydraulic cylinder 28. During each full stroke of the piston rod the header carrying slide 2| makes a forward and a return stroke; the maximum force is produced in the medium position of the levers in conformity with the simultaneously produced maximum of the header pressure.

In conformity with Fig. 4 joint 'I is replaced by a crank shaft 29 which through push rod 3U propels slide 2|. A coupling 32 connected with toothed wheel 3I is located on this crank shaft; if the coupling is engaged or thrown-in it actuates the crank shaft.

Toothed wheel 3I is continuously rotated by a suitable drive 33. Toothed wheel 3| coacts with toothed Wheel 34; both wheels have the same size. Toothed wheel 34 is provided with a coupling 35 located on crank shaft 35; in its engaged position the coupling is operatively connected with the shaft. Crank shaft 3S is carried in stands 31 supported on upper frame portion 4; the shaft actuates through rod I5 the members 8 and I2.

By throwing-in the coupling 35 the dies 2, 5 will be closed; hereupon, the coupling is, upon a half rotation of a crank shaft 35, automatically disengaged by any suitable control device. Thereupon, the same control device engages coupling 32 which initiates the advance of the stamp. Upon a full rotation of the crank shaft 29, that is, after completion of the work and the return stroke, this coupling is automatically disengaged and the coupling 35 reengaged. Hereby a further half rotation is effected of the crank shaft 36 whereby the dies are opened. Upon completion of the opening stroke the coupling is again automatically disengaged.

Any coupling will serve the above described purposes; however, air pressure actuated quickly responsive couplings are preferred. The automatic control is in this case effected by cam discs which actuate the air valves. The cams are shaped in such a manner that these control movements are automatic.

The above-described operation of the forging press has the advantage that the swaging stroke may be controlled independently upon the actuation of the dies and may be reduced in length.

If the hitherto customary common driving elements are used for the dies and the forging tool or header, the swaging stroke has to be conformed to the work of the dies. Consequently, the separate driving means used in conformity with this invention may be applied advantageously to any forging machines provided with vertically or horizontally divided dies; the further advantage should be noted that during the swaging step the driving means for the dies are at rest and not subjected to wear.

However, it is possible to also apply the customary common driving means to the dies and the forging tools of the instant horizontal forging machine because its speciiic construction enables the closure of the dies by their guides symmetrically from the center of the crank shaft. This common drive arrangement may be preferably also applied to smaller forging machines. For larger types and particularly7 those which are operated with a pressure of the dies which is greater than the header pressure the separate drive is preferred,

The invention has been described with reference to a preferred embodiment and it will be understood that many variations and modications thereof may be resorted to without departure from the scope of the invention as defined in the following claims.

I claim:

l. In a forging machine, in combination, a forcipate C-shaped frame comprising a lower stationary frame member and an upper movable frame member, said frame members being pivotally joined intermediate the ends of said C- shaped frame, at least one substantially horizontally divided die located between said upper and lower frame members at a point on the opposite side of said frame from where the frame members are pivoted, the upper half of said die being carried by said upper frame member and the lower half of said die bing carried by said lower frame member, a yoke comprising two side members and an upper element connecting said side members, said yoke straddling said C-shaped frame and being operable for pivoting said upper frame member with respect to said lower frame member, the lower parts of said side members being pivoted on said lower frame member, a force-transmitting lever between said side members and pivoted at one of its ends to said upper frame member and at its opposite end to said upper connecting element, power means on said machine, a rod operatively connecting said power means to said upper element to positively displace said side members and said force-transmitting lever to pivot said upper frame member and upper die half toward said lower frame member and lower die half, whereby said die halves are closed and locked, said C-shaped frame defining a space in and between its upper and lower frame members, substantially horizontal sliding means on said lower frame member along and in said space in said C-shaped frame, at least one power driven slide located in said space, means on said slide to secure at least one forging tool thereto, said slide with said header being slidably mounted to reciprocate substantially horizontally on said sliding means within said space toward and from said divided die, dat glide surfaces being provided on the two outer sides of said upper frame member and said two side members of said yoke contacting the respective glide of said upper frame member for guiding said upper frame member with respect to said lower frame member during the forging displacement of said upper frame member to position said upper half of said die in said upper frame member accurately in register with said lower half of said die in said lower frame member.

2. In a forging machine according to claim 1, wherein the axis of the pivot point intermediate the ends of said C-shaped frame is located such a slight distance above the substantially horizontal plane of division between said die halves that during the separating displacement of said upper frame member the mutual deviation of the contacting faces of the recesses of said die halves from the vertical plane is less than one degree.

3. In a forging machine according to claim 1, wherein the lower parts of said two side members of said yoke are pivoted at a place below and behind said die halves with reference to the front end, so that the latter are freely accessible from their front and their two sides.

4. In a forging machine according to claim 1, wherein the upper and the lower frame members have recessed sides to render the die halves and the header accessible and readily removable from the machine.

5. In a forging machine according to claim 1, wherein said power means comprises a hydraulic cylinder mounted on top of said upper frame member and a piston in said cylinder, said rod operatively connected to said upper element being a piston rod of said piston, wherein a second hydraulic cylinder comprising a second piston and a second piston rod is provided on said lower frame member, and wherein a toggle linkage is provided to operatively connect said second piston rod to said slide, whereby with each stroke of said piston of said second hydraulic cylinder a complete reciprocating movement of said slide is carried out due to the toggle action of said linkage.

6. In a forging machine according to claim l, wherein said power means is of the continuously operating type, wherein two separate mechanisms are provided to operatively connect said power means to said connecting rod of said upper element and to said slide, each of said mechanisms comprising cranks, crank-shafts and automatically operable clutches to cause a predetermined time-spaced sequence of operations of said upper frame member and of said slide with said forging tool.

References Cited in the le 0f this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS Number Name Date 229,795 Allen July 13, 1880 430,834 Clouse June 24, 1890 581,147 Albree Apr. 20, 1897 631,481 Wesner Aug. 22, 1899 757,409 Olson Apr. 12, 1904 1,035,828 Albree Aug. 20, 1912 1,749,334 Georg Mar. 4, 1930 1,772,599 Dobson Aug. 12, 1930 2,011,877 Shaft Aug. 20, 1935 2,270,819 Gay Jan. 20, 1942 2,298,467 Criley Oct. 13, 1942 FOREIGN PATENTS Number Country Date 357,846 France Jan. 16, 1906 412,817 Great Britain July 5, 1934 650,293 France Sept. 18, 1928 

